Mainz

Mainz, the capital of Rhineland-Palatinate, sits at the confluence of the Rhine and Main rivers and boasts a history spanning more than 2,000 years. Founded by the Romans in the 1st century BCE as Mogontiacum, it served as a vital military fortress and provincial capital of Germania Superior. The city is perhaps most famous as the birthplace of Johannes Gutenberg, who revolutionized the world in the 15th century with his invention of movable-type printing. The Gutenberg Museum honors his legacy, displaying original copies of the Gutenberg Bible and reconstructions of his workshop. The Johannes Gutenberg University, founded in 1477, continues the city's tradition of learning and innovation. Mainz's skyline is dominated by the six-towered Mainz Cathedral (Mainzer Dom), a magnificent example of Romanesque architecture begun in 975 CE, with elements added over the subsequent centuries. Its rich red sandstone construction creates a striking visual impact against the city landscape. The city has a vibrant cultural scene centered around its historic old town, with well-preserved medieval and baroque buildings. The Fastnacht (carnival) celebration in Mainz is among Germany's most famous, featuring elaborate parades and political satire, particularly during the Rosenmontag celebrations. Mainz is also known for its wine culture, being at the heart of Germany's largest wine-growing region. The city hosts numerous wine festivals throughout the year, celebrating the region's renowned Riesling wines. As a modern city, Mainz balances its rich historical heritage with contemporary economic significance, hosting the headquarters of media companies like the ZDF (one of Germany's main public television broadcasters) and various biotechnology firms. The blend of ancient Roman heritage, medieval charm, Renaissance innovation, and modern vitality makes Mainz a microcosm of Germany's cultural evolution.