Cologne

Cologne (Köln) is the largest city in North Rhine-Westphalia and the fourth-largest in Germany, renowned for its magnificent Gothic cathedral, vibrant cultural scene, and distinctive local traditions. Founded in 38 BCE as the Roman Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium, it is one of Germany's oldest cities with over 2,000 years of history. The city straddles the Rhine River and has served as an important commercial and cultural crossroads throughout European history. The Cologne Cathedral (Kölner Dom), a UNESCO World Heritage Site, dominates the city's skyline and is Germany's most visited landmark, attracting an average of 20,000 visitors daily. Construction began in 1248 but was halted in the 16th century, only to be completed between 1842 and 1880 according to the original medieval plans. The cathedral houses the Shrine of the Three Kings, believed to contain the remains of the Three Wise Men, making it an important pilgrimage site. Cologne is also famous for its vibrant carnival tradition, one of the largest street festivals in Europe, culminating in Rose Monday (Rosenmontag) with elaborate parades and costumed celebrations. The city has a rich brewing tradition, producing the distinctive Kölsch beer, served in traditional 0.2-liter cylindrical glasses in the numerous brewhouses throughout the city. As a cultural center, Cologne boasts numerous museums, including the Ludwig Museum with one of Europe's largest Picasso collections, the Romano-Germanic Museum showcasing the city's Roman heritage, and the Chocolate Museum detailing the history of chocolate making. The city is also home to Germany's oldest university and serves as a media hub, hosting the headquarters of several television and radio networks. With its blend of historical significance, architectural treasures, cultural vibrancy, and economic importance, Cologne embodies the dynamic spirit of modern Germany while preserving its rich heritage.