Heidelberg Castle

Heidelberg Castle (Heidelberger Schloss) is a magnificent ruined castle complex and one of Germany's most important Renaissance structures north of the Alps. Perched 80 meters up the northern slope of the Königstuhl hill, the castle has dominated the skyline of Heidelberg's old town for over 800 years. The castle's history begins in the 13th century, though most of the current structures date from the 16th and 17th centuries. It served as the residence of the Palatinate Electors for nearly 400 years until it was partially destroyed by lightning in 1764, following previous damage during the Nine Years' War and the Thirty Years' War. Rather than being fully restored, the castle was used as a source of stone for new buildings, which ironically contributed to its romantic ruined appearance that later captivated poets, painters, and travelers of the Romantic period. Among the castle's most impressive features is the Friedrich Building, with its intricately decorated Renaissance facade. The castle courtyard showcases different architectural styles, reflecting the various phases of construction and the tastes of successive rulers. Inside, visitors can explore the German Apothecary Museum, which houses a comprehensive collection of pharmacy artifacts from the 17th to 19th centuries. Perhaps the castle's most famous attraction is the Heidelberg Tun, an enormous wine barrel constructed in 1751 that can hold 58,000 gallons (219,000 liters) of wine. From the castle's balconies and terraces, visitors enjoy panoramic views of Heidelberg, the Neckar River, and the Philosopher's Walk on the opposite hillside. The castle can be reached via a funicular railway from the town or by a steep walkway. Throughout the year, the castle hosts various events, including the Heidelberg Castle Festival in summer, which features open-air theater performances and concerts. Despite its partially ruined state—or perhaps because of it—Heidelberg Castle remains one of Germany's most visited landmarks, attracting over a million visitors annually.