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The 16 Federal States of Germany (Bundesländer)

Germany is a federal republic of 16 states, called Bundesländer — each with its own parliament, school calendar, dialect and cuisine. This guide covers all 16, from Bavaria in the Alps to Schleswig-Holstein on the Baltic, with capitals, populations and what each state is actually worth visiting for.

🗺️ 16 States
Each with its own constitution
🏙️ 3 City-States
Berlin, Hamburg, Bremen
🧱 5 New States
Re-established in 1990
⛰️ Bavaria
Largest state by area

🗺️ Browse every federal state guide

Schwerin Castle stands majestically on a lake, surrounded by a lush green field in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern.
Federal State

Mecklenburg-Vorpommern

Plan Mecklenburg-Vorpommern around Baltic beaches, Rügen and Usedom, brick Gothic port towns, Schwerin and the Mecklenburg Lake District.
🏛️ Schwerin 👥 1,609,675
Panoramic view of the Brandenburg Gate in Berlin, showcasing its iconic neoclassical architecture and surrounding area.
Federal State

Brandenburg

Explore Brandenburg beyond Berlin through Potsdam palaces, Spreewald canals, lakes, cycling routes and towns shaped by Prussian and…
🏛️ Potsdam 👥 2,521,893
Panorama of Ulm city featuring the Münster Cathedral and the Donauwiesen meadows in Baden-Württemberg, Germany.
Federal State

Baden-Württemberg

Travel Baden-Württemberg from the Black Forest and Upper Rhine to Stuttgart, Heidelberg, the Swabian Jura and Lake Constance.
🏛️ Stuttgart 👥 11,100,000
Landscape and iconic architecture of Rhineland Palatinate federal state, Germany
Federal State

Rhineland-Palatinate

Follow the Rhine and Moselle through Rhineland-Palatinate, from Mainz and Roman Trier to castles, wine villages and forest…
🏛️ Mainz 👥 4,084,844
Landscape and iconic architecture of Berlin federal state, Germany
Federal State

Berlin

Berlin is the capital and largest city of Germany, known for its vibrant culture, art scene, and historical…
🏛️ Berlin 👥 3,669,491
Landscape and iconic architecture of Hamburg federal state, Germany
Federal State

Hamburg

Hamburg is a city-state and major port city in northern Germany, famous for its maritime heritage, historic Speicherstadt…
🏛️ Hamburg 👥 1,900,000