Arminius

Arminius was a chieftain of the Germanic Cherusci tribe who is best known for commanding an alliance of Germanic tribes at the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest in AD 9, in which three Roman legions under the command of general Publius Quinctilius Varus were destroyed. Born a prince of the Cherusci tribe, he was part of the Roman-friendly faction initially. He learned Latin and served in the Roman military, gaining Roman citizenship and the rank of eques. However, he secretly plotted a Germanic revolt against Roman rule, which culminated in the ambush and destruction of three Roman legions. His victory precipitated the Roman Empire's permanent strategic withdrawal from Germania and is considered one of Imperial Rome's greatest defeats and most decisive battles in history.