Pretzel (Brezel)

A pretzel (from German: Brezel or Bretzel) is a type of baked pastry made from dough that is commonly shaped into a distinctive knot. The traditional pretzel shape is a symmetrical form, with the ends of a long strip of dough intertwined and then twisted back onto itself in a particular way. The pretzel has deep roots in German-speaking cultures and has become an iconic symbol of German baking traditions. Salt is the most common seasoning for pretzels, complementing the washing soda or lye treatment that gives pretzels their traditional skin and distinctive flavor acquired through the Maillard reaction. This treatment creates the characteristic dark brown, shiny exterior and chewy texture. Other toppings include mustard, cheeses, sugar, chocolate, cinnamon, sweet glazing, seeds, and nuts. Regional German specialties like Spundekäs have been designed to accompany pretzels. Varieties include soft pretzels, which should be eaten shortly after preparation, and hard-baked pretzels with a long shelf life. In Germany, pretzels are enjoyed throughout the day and are particularly popular at beer gardens and festivals.